Chinese researchers have developed a new and powerful method to detect battery problems much earlier than ever before. This new model can predict if a lithium metal battery will fail, just by looking at data from its first two charging cycles. This breakthrough could help save time, money, and resources in battery development, especially for electric vehicles and energy storage systems.
The research was done by experts from the Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School and the Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology. They created a model that looks at the early behavior of lithium metal batteries, focusing on how lithium is plated and stripped during charging. These actions leave unique patterns known as “electrochemical fingerprints.” These fingerprints can be studied to tell if a battery will fail, and also what type of failure it might face.
The model can identify three main types of battery failures. The first is kinetics degradation, where the battery loses its ability to move ions quickly. The second is reversibility degradation, which means the battery can no longer return to its original state after charging and discharging. The third is co-degradation, which is a mix of both problems happening at the same time.
To build this model, the researchers used machine learning. This means they fed large amounts of data into a computer program that learned to recognize patterns related to battery failure. The model is also flexible; it can be used on batteries with different chemical makeups, showing that it can work in a variety of real-life situations.
Compared to older methods of testing batteries, this new approach is much faster and cheaper. Traditional tests might take weeks or months to show if a battery is good or not. They often require opening the battery, or using special tools. But this model only needs data that batteries already generate during early charge cycles, and there’s no need to take anything apart.
This system is not just for scientists in labs. It can also be used in factories where batteries are made. It helps in developing better batteries and improving the materials used inside them, like the electrolytes.
The researchers also studied the solid electrolyte interphase, or SEI, and the shape of lithium deposits. They found that bad SEI contact and inactive lithium make it harder for ions to move, leading to performance problems.
This approach marks a major shift from old testing methods that only studied failed batteries. Now, with this new “pre-mortem” method, engineers can spot problems early and fix them before a battery fails. This could completely change how future batteries are tested and built, making them safer, stronger, and more reliable for the technologies we depend on.
It would be interesting to learn how this new battery-testing approach could be beneficial to manufacturers like QuantumScape Corp. (NYSE: QS) focusing on novel battery chemistries, such as solid-state batteries.
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